Introduction:

• Define topological insulators (TIs) and their unique properties (surface conductivity and bulk insulation). 

• Mention their significance in minimizing energy loss and their role in advancing electronics and quantum computing. 

• Thesis statement about how TIs can transform future technologies. 

• Explain what the paper will discuss. 

Theoretical and Experimental Insights on Conductivity: 

• Claim: TIs have the potential to transform future technologies because of their surface conductivity. 

• Evidence from Literature: 

• Huang et al. (2022): Effect of Coulomb impurities creating electron puddles that enhance conductivity. Implications for controlling conductivity in electronic devices. 

• Nguyen et al. (2020): External factors like electric fields and energy differences increase conductivity, while exchange fields reduce it. Discovery that conductivity is achievable even at zero temperature. 

• Opportunities to expand research to other TI materials and improve external control mechanisms. 

Quantum Hall Effect and Quantum Applications: 

• Claim: TIs’ quantum properties, including the quantum Hall effect (QHE), make them ideal candidates for quantum devices. 

• Evidence from Literature: 

• Xu et al. (2014): Observation of QHE in BiSbTeSe₂ under strong magnetic fields. Significance of stable quantum states for quantum information processing. 

• Importance of ongoing advancements in quantum stabilization techniques. 

Modified TIs and Practical Applications: 

• Claim: Engineering modified TIs is key to bridging the gap between theoretical potential and practical use. 

• Evidence from Literature: 

• Zhao et al. (2024): Study of Sn-doped Bi1.1Sb0.9STe2 (BSST), demonstrating surface conductivity at room temperature. Potential for applications without extreme cooling requirements. 

• Find another source on the uses of TIs. 

• Future studies should explore other environmental factors (e.g., pressure, impurities). 

• Long-term goal: scalable and cost-effective TI production. 

Future Directions for Research: 

• Find another source on the integration of TIs into existing technologies. 

• Energy-efficient electronics and renewable energy systems. 

• Quantum computing devices with stable quantum information processing. 

• Address challenges in industrial scalability. 

• Discuss broader implications, such as reducing global energy consumption and enabling sustainable technology development. 

Conclusion: 

• Restate thesis 

Synthesize findings by highlighting contributions of the studies discussed